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Friday, January 7, 2011

List of Programming Languages in Alphabetical Order

A programming language is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely, or as a mode of human communication.
The list of programming languages is comprised of all languages implemented in a compiler or an interpreter, in alphabetical order.
In addition, historical languages with no compiler, but that may have influenced design of further work are included also, provided that the author of the further language has made a verifiable reference to them.
Most entries in the list has a link to a website or a download page for the compiler or the interpreter. For historical languages, a link to a dedicated website or a description. Additional info as date and type of language may be added too.
  • Programming languages Procedural and functional languages.
  • Markup languages and data formats XML, XAML, XUL...
  • Database or query languages SQL and other languages.

Programming Languages

A

  • A+. 2001 Similar to APL.
  • A#. Object oriented, functional programming language, now replaced by Aldor.
  • Abap. Advanced Business Application Programming. Cobol-like programming language for Sap web application servers.
  • Abc.
  • Action! Compiler design programming language, as Micro-SPL.
  • ActionScript. 2004. Version of ECMAScript for Flash.
  • Actor. 1986. Programming language and also a concept for language design (actor oriented).
  • Ada. 1983.
  • Afnix. 1998 Functional, formerly Aleph.
  • Agena. 2009. Inspired from Algol and C.
  • Aldor.
  • Aleph. See Afnix.
  • Algae. Interpreted language for numerical analysis.
  • Algo. Algebraic programming language.
  • Algol. 1958. Followed by Algol 60, Algol W (Wirth) and Algol 68. Has inspired Pascal.
  • Alma-0. Imperative and logical programming language.
  • Alphard. 1974 Name of the brightest star in Hydra. Pascal-like.
  • Altran. 1968. Fortran variant.
  • AmigaE. Language inspired by Ada, C++, Lisp.
  • Ampl. Modeling Language for Mathematical Programming.
  • Anubis. 2000. Functional, not ML, language.
  • ApeScript.
  • Apl. 1962. A Programming Language Compiler FAQ.
  • AppleScript. 1993. English-like scripting language.
  • APT. Automatically Programmed Tool. High-level language for numerically controlled machines.
  • Arduino. A version of the wiring language for the open source USB controller Arduino.
  • Argos. Synchronous language.
  • ARS. Abstraction, Reference and Synthesis. An orientation. Inspired programming languages. An ARS++ compiler exists.
  • AspectJ. Java implementation of Aspect oriented programming. Compiler Development
  • Assembly.
  • ATLAS. Several minor languages with this name.
  • Autocode. 1952. Several versions of this primitive historical language.
  • AutoIt. Automation language. Originally for scripting Windows applications, now more general.
  • Averest. Synchronous language, replaced by Quartz.
  • Awk. 1978. See also gawk, nawk, mawk.
  • Axiom. Computer Algrebra System, actually a set of tools that uses the A# language.

B

  • B. 1969.
  • Bash. Bourne-Again shell. Actually an interpreter for Bourne shell.
  • Basic. 1964.
  • BAL. Assembly language for the IBM 360.
  • Bcpl. 1966. Basic Combined Programming Language. Compiler. Inspired B which in turn inspired C.
  • BeanShell.
  • Beta.
  • Bigwig.
  • Bistro. 1999 Smaltalk and Java like.
  • Bliss.
  • Boo. 2004.
  • Bourne shell. (sh) 1978. Language of commands for Unix.
  • Bpel. Business Process Execution Language

C

  • C. 1972.
  • C--. Portable intermediate language. Subset of C.
  • C++. 1980. The standard is C++ 98 and C++ 09 should succeed in 2009.
  • C#. 2000.
  • C Shell.
  • Caché ObjectScript. Procedural language with database functions. Compatible with Mumps.
  • Caml. Categorical Abstract Machine Language.
  • Cayenne. Functionnal, near Haskell with Java features.
  • Cecil. 1992 Near Modula and Objective C.
  • CeeBot.
  • CFScript. JavaScript part of ColdFusion. See also CFML.
  • Cg.
  • Charity. Functional and categorical programming language.
  • CHILL. Language for telecommunications. Chill 96 is object oriented and generic.
  • CHR. Constraint Handling Rules.
  • Chrome.
  • ChucK. Multimedia concurrent language.
  • Cilk. Multi-threaded and concurrent based on C.
  • Clarion.
  • Clean. Concurrent Clean.
  • Clipper. 1984.
  • CLIPS. C Language Integrated Production System. See Cool.
  • Clojure. 2007. Lisp-like for the java virtual machine.
  • CLOS. See Common Lisp.
  • Clu. Has inspired Ruby.
  • Cobol. 1959. COmmon Business Oriented Language. Inspired by Flow-matic, Fortran. ANSI standards are Cobol 58, 74, 85 and 2002 object oriented.
  • CobolScript.
  • Code. Visual parallel programming system.
  • ColdFusion. 2001. Java compatible combination of CFScript and CFML, used for dynamic web processing.
  • Comal. 1973.
  • CIL. Common Intermediate Language.
  • Common Lisp.
  • Component Pascal.- See Oberon.
  • Comit.- List or string processing language
  • Cool.
  • Coral66.
  • Corn.
  • Cowsel. See POP1.
  • CPL. Predecessor of BCPL.
  • Csh. See C Shell.
  • Curl.
  • Curry.
  • Cyclone.

D

  • D. 2000.
  • Databus. See PL/B.
  • Dark Basic. Language for game creation.
  • Datalog. Actually a deductive tool using Prolog.
  • DCL. Digital Command Language. Scripting PL used on Digital computers.
  • Delphi. 1995. Created by Borland, now at Embarcadero.
  • Dibol.
  • Disco. 1992.
  • Dylan. 1992. DYNamic LANguage. Unlike Perl, only one way to do a thing.

E

  • E. See also AmigaE.
  • Ease. See Csp and Linda.
  • EcmaScript. 1997.
  • Edinburgh IMP. See IMP.
  • Eiffel. 1986.
  • Elan. 1974
  • elastiC.
  • Emacs Lisp.
  • EGL. Enterprise Generation Language
  • Epigram. A concurrent P. L.
  • Erlang. 1998. ERicsson LANguage and also Agner Krarup Erlang. Functional, concurrent PL and runtime.
  • Escapade. Server-side programming
  • Esterel.
  • Euclid.
  • Euphoria. 1993. Typed scripting interpreted language.
  • Euler. Successor to Algol 60. Dynamically typed.
  • Exec. See Rexx.

F

  • F.
  • F#.
  • Fabric. 2010, Cornell. Based on Java and Jif, it provides security on data used and stored.
  • Factor. 2003.
  • Fantom. 2005. C-like running on JVM and .NET.
  • Felix.
  • Ferite.
  • FL.
  • Flow-Matic. 1954.
  • Focal.
  • Focus.
  • Foil.
  • Forth. 1977. FOuRTH. Stack oriented. Used to command machines including boot of computers.
  • Fortran. 1957. FORmula TRANSlator. Standard Fortran II (58), IV (61), 66, 77 (Procedural), 90, 95, 2003 (Object oriented). Language for scientific computations. Other dialects are S-Fortran, SFtran, QuickTran, LTRTran, HPF, Co-Array Fortran.
  • Fortress. Designed for high performance computing.
  • FP.
  • Frink.

G

  • G.
  • Gams. General Algebraic Modeling System.
  • Gml. Game Maker Language.
  • Go. 2009. Created by Google, is C and Pascal-like. It is concurrent with a garbage collector.
  • Godiva.
  • Goedel.
  • Gosu. 2010. Java-like running on the JVM, provides extended types.
  • GPSS.
  • Groovy. Scripting language for Java.

H

  • Hal/S. Real-time aerospace programming language
  • HaScript.
  • Haskell. 1990. Functional language. Haskell 98 follows. In 2002 version a lazy functional language. Compiler.
  • Heron.
  • HLA. High Level Assembly
  • Hugo.
  • HyperTalk. Hypernext and Supercard are Hypercard-like tools.
  • H2o.

I

  • IAL. 1958.
  • ICI.
  • Icon. 1977-79.
  • IDL. 1977. Interface Definition Language. A family of descriptives languages. Compiler.
  • IMP.
  • Inform.
  • IPL. 1956. Information Processing Language. First in list processing but replaced by Lisp.
  • Intercal. 1972.
  • IO.
  • Iswim. 1966.

J

  • J. 1990. Is a rework of APL.
  • Jade.
  • Jal.
  • Janus. Predecessor of Toontalk.
  • Java. 1994.
  • JavaFX Script. 2008.
  • JavaScript. 1996.
  • JCL.
  • Jif. 2001. Cornell. Java with control on information access.
  • Join Java. Augmented version of Java.
  • Joss. 1963. Predecessor of Mumps.
  • Joule.
  • Jovial. Jules Own Version of the International Algorithmic Language.
  • Joy.
  • JSP. See Java.
  • JScript. See EcmaScript.
  • Jython. See Python.

K

L

  • LabView.
  • Lagoona.
  • Lava.
  • Leda.
  • Leopard.
  • Lexico.
  • Lfyre.
  • Limbo. Concurrent langage, for distributed applications on the Inferno OS. Successor to Alef.
  • Linc.
  • Lingo. Several languages: Macromedia Lingo, Lingo Allegro, Linn Lingo, Lindo Lingo.
  • Lisaac.
  • Lisp. 1958. LISt Processing.
  • Logo. 1966-68. Lisp without parenthesis. Learn programming by moving a graphical turtle. Compiler. (.Net)
  • Lua. 1993. (Moon in portuguese). Scripting C-like language used mainly as extension to C.
  • Lucid.
  • Lush.
  • Lustre.
  • LYaPAS.

M

  • M from Microsoft. Modeling language.
  • M. See Mumps.
  • M4.
  • MAD. See IAL, Algol.
  • Magma.
  • Maple.
  • Mary.
  • Mathematica. 1988. Programming language that uses algebraic notation for expressions.
  • Matlab.
  • Mercury. 1995. Functional logic programming language. Ported to C, Java, IL (.Net).
  • Mesa.
  • Metal.
  • Metro. 2008. Design language from Microsoft for Windows Phone, Media Center and mobile devices. (Link on a ppc file readable with LibreOffice).
  • MicroScript.
  • Mimic.
  • Miranda. 1989. Functional language, has inspired Haskell.
  • Miva.
  • Mixal. "Mix Assembly Language" for the Mix computer of Donald Knuth.
  • ML.
  • Moby.
  • Modula-2. 1980.
  • Modula-3. 1989.
  • Mondrian. Haskell-like.
  • Mortran. See Fortran.
  • Moto.
  • MSIL. See CIL.
  • Mumps. 1967. Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System. Database oriented language.

N

  • Napier 88. Persistent language.
  • Nemerle.
  • Nesl.
  • NetRexx. 1996.
  • Ngl.
  • Nial.
  • Nice.
  • Nickle.
  • Noop. 2009. Java-like language designed by Google to syntactically encourage good coding practices and discouraging the worst offenses.
  • Nu. 2007. Near Lisp and Ruby.
  • Nosica.

O

  • o:Xml.
  • Oberon. 1985-88. (Moon of Uranus). Reflective language. Derived from Modula-2.
  • Objective-C. 1982. C plus Smalltalk, used in GNUStep environment.
  • Objective Caml. 1996. ML-derived, functional and imperative language. Extends Caml.
  • Objective J. 2008. Sur-ensemble de JavaScript utilisant la librairie Ojective-C.
  • Objective Modula 2. 2006. Combination of Objective-C, Smalltalk and Modula 2.
  • Obliq.
  • OCaml. See Objective Caml above.
  • Occam. (Occam-Pi, occam-π)
  • Octave. For numerical computation.
  • Opal.
  • OPL. Open (or Organizer) Programming Language.
  • Ops5.
  • Orc. A language for distributed and concurrent programming, working through sites. May be used for Web scripting.
  • Oz.

P

Q

  • Q.
  • QuakeC. Version of C for the Quake game.
  • QML. Or QPL. Set of programming languages for quantum computers.
  • QML. Declarative language to design user interfaces, similar to JavaFX, for Qt.

R

  • R. 1998. Language and environment for statistical computation and graphics. Derived from the S language it is near Scheme.
  • R++. C++ with rules added.
  • Rascal. Version of Pascal for kids.
  • Ratfiv. Version of Ratfor for a computer.
  • Ratfor. 1975. Version of Fortran.
  • RC. Rc shell, Plan9 command language ported further to Unix.
  • Realbasic.
  • Rebol. 1997. Relative Expression Based Object Language. Dynamic language with numerous predefined types.
  • Refal. 1968. REcursive Functions Algorithmic Language.
  • Revolution. Version of Hypertalk.
  • RPG. 1960+ Report Program Generator. Query tool extended in a programming language for IBM. Main versions are RPG II, RPG III, RPG/400, RPG IV.
  • RPL. Langage for calculators similar to Forth.
  • Rexx. 1979. REstructured eXtended eXecutor. Designed for IBM OS scripting but ported on other platforms.
  • Rigal.
  • Rlab.
  • RSL. Robot Scripting Language.
  • Ruby. 1995 Follows a "principle of least surprise", each thing must be intuitive. Scripting, multi-paradigm, object oriented.

S

  • S. (S-plus) See Tinn-R. The R framework hold an implementation.
  • S2.
  • Sail. Stanford Artificial Intelligence Language
  • SAM76. Implementation of Trac.
  • SAS. Fortran specialized in statistical reports.
  • Sather. Eiffel-like language.
  • Scala. 2004.
  • Scheme. 1975.
  • Scratch. 2007. Educational language developed by MIT consisting of blocks to be assembled. The same principle was used for the OpenBlocks Java library.
  • Scriptol. 2001 Object oriented and XML oriented. Interpreter, PHP compiler.
  • Sed. Stream EDitor.
  • Seed7. 2005.
  • Self. 1993.
  • SETL. Has inspired ABC, predecessor of Python.
  • Short Code. 1949. Precursor of programming languages.
  • SimsScript. Fortran specialized in mathematical simulations.
  • Simmunity. Language for Internet based on APL
  • Simula. 1962.
  • SISAL. Streams and Iteration in a Single Assignment Language
  • Slate.
  • Slip. Symmetric LIst Processor. Actually an extension to fortran and other programming languages.
  • Smalltalk.
  • Snobol. 1962. Snobol 3 (1965), 4 (1966).
  • SOAP. Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program, IBM 650 assembly language.
  • Spitbol. SPeedy ImplemenTation of snobOL. Actually a compiled version of Snobol.
  • Snowball.
  • SPARK.
  • SP/k. Subset of PL/1, used for teaching.
  • SPL.
  • Squeak.
  • SR. Synchronizing Resources
  • SSL.
  • Standard ML.
  • Subtext.
  • SuperCollider.
  • SuperX++. 2001. XML language.
  • SyncCharts.
  • Synergy/DE.

T

  • T. 1980+ A version of Lisp.
  • TACL. Tandem Advanced Command Language. Scripting language used by Hewlett-Packard.
  • Tacpol. Implementation of PL/I, was used by US army.
  • TADS. Text Adventure Development System. A language to make games.
  • TAL. Transaction Application Language, cross between C and Pascal used for Tandem computers.
  • Transcript. Voir Revolution.
  • Tcl. 1988. Tool Command Language. Tk is the graphical toolkit.
  • Telcomp. 1965. Derived from Joss, conversationnal language used on PDP computers until 1974. Influenced Mumps.
  • Tempo.
  • Tinn-r.
  • Titanium.
  • TI-Basic.Basic-like language for calculators.
  • Tom.
  • Tpu. Scripting programming language for VAX/VMS (not verified).
  • Trac. 1960+. Text Reckoning And Compiling.
  • TTCN-3. Testing and Test Control Notation. Formerly: "Tree and Tabular Combined Notation".
  • Turing. 1982. Pascal-like, derived from Euclid.
  • Tutor. 1965. CAI programming language.
  • TXL. 1988. Derived from Turing above.

U

  • Ubercode. 2005. Cross between Eiffel and Basic.
  • Unicon. Unified Extended Dialect of Icon.
  • UnrealScript. Scripting games.
  • UrbiScript. Robot programming language.
  • UML. Unified Modeling Language. Visual programming language.

V

  • Verilog HDL. A hardware description language.
  • VHDL. VHSIC Hardware Description Language.
  • VDS. Visual DialogScript.
  • Virt. Pascal-like with Prolog features, for Artificial Intelligence problem solving. Interpreter.
  • Visual Basic. 1991.
  • Visual Basic .NET.
  • VBScript.Visual Basic Script Edition.

W

  • Water. XML-embedded programming language.
  • Whitespace. Actually a joke, an "esoteric" programming language, but with a real interpreter!
  • Winbatch. Scripting language for Windows.
  • Wiring. C-like language dedicated to electronics.

X

  • XOTcl. Object oriented version of TCL.
  • XPL. 1967. Derived from PL/I, for compiler writing.
  • XL. Implements concept programming.

Y

  • YAFL.
  • Yorick. Language for scientific calculations and simulations.

Z

  • Z notation. Visual specification of programs like UML.
  • ZPL.
  • ZOPL. (Not verified)
  • ZUG. (Not verified)

Markup languages and data formats

  • CFML. ColdFusion Markup Language.
  • EmotionML. An XML dialect for representing emotions, by the W3C..
  • HTML. HyperText Markup Language.
  • PostScript. 1985.
  • Protocol Buffers. By Google, became open in 2008.
  • RDF. Resource Description Framework.
  • SGML. 1969.
  • SVG. Scalable Vector Graphic.
  • Tex.
  • XAML. eXtensible Application Markup Language.
  • XBL. eXtensible Bindings Language. For widget creating in Xml based languages.
  • Xforms. Web graphical interactive user interface.
  • XHTML. XML HTML.
  • XML. eXtensible Markup Language.
  • XUL. XML-based User interface Language.

Query or database oriented languages

  • Aubit-4GL. See Informix.
  • D4 or Dataphor. Based on Tutorial D.
  • Dataflex. 1980. Database programming language.
  • dBase. programming language.
  • Hypertalk. 1987. Card language for Apple.
  • Informix-4GL. 4GL means for fourth generation specialized language. Informix is specialized in databases and reports.
  • pl/SQL. SQL extension.
  • SQL. 1987. Structured Query Language.
  • Tutorial D.
  • Visual Foxpro. Derived from dBase.
  • xBaseScript. (xbScript) Clipper database scripting.
Source: Scriptol.com
Posted by Ashok Basnet at 8:38 PM
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