Ashok's Programming World

LOCUS 2011 : Projects ( C.yber and IoeCamPlus)

2011-07-22T03:35:00.001-07:00

This year locus, we have showcased two projects , one from previous year locus project and another C++ project .

You can have look at them at following link:-

1. C.yber

2. IoeCamPlus : v2.0ß

Some screenshots :-

IoeCamPlus : v2.0ß realeased

2011-07-22T02:45:00.001-07:00

IoeCamPlus is a cross platform webcam application With the problems faced with IoeCamPlusv1.0, the 2nd version of IoeCamPlus is released.

Updates in the IoeCamPlusv2.0ß :-

Image saving problem in v1.0 is solved.
new dll files installation updated.
Painter added for images browsed.
Error handling in case of missing camera hardware added etc.

You can download the source and installation file:-

Your feedbacks are important for us to improve the IoeCamPlus. So do comment….

Writing blogs offline using Live Writer

2011-07-14T22:44:00.001-07:00

Blogging is one of my key interest and those who are blogging in bloggers sites like blogspot, wordpress, etc. might be facing problems with the blog editor i.e. working online. I have been using Windows Live Writer for from 2009 and it is really a great tool for blogging. There are cool features that you are going to love about live writer. Blogging will be fun with live writer.

I have noted down some key features in Live Writer that I have observed.

The blogs can be saved offline and edited any time you want.
Multiple blogs accounts can be integrated so that you can switch to your blog on fly.
Its IDE is cool. You will not feel difficult with its IDE since it is somewhat like Office package.
Theme can be pulled at any time and refreshed if it is changed.
Categories can be set and post date can also be set before posting.
You can insert pictures, hyperlinks, videos and many more within live writer.
You can preview your blogs and view source code by using tabs at bottom of the live wirter software.
Different plugins are there which can be very useful like Source code ( for putting codes in the post.
After you have done editing and ready to be published , you can click publish icon at top.

The following screenshots will guide you through the steps for setting up the live writer. The live writer I am usign is Live Writer 2011 and the following guide can be useful for any blogs. Here I have used my blogger blog http://http://computer-engineering-in-nepal.blogspot.com/.

1. Download the live writer.

2. After installing the live writer you will be asked to fill a form for the blog account.

3. If you have your own blog , go to other services for blogger. You can choose wordpress directly from the option if you have a wordpress blog.

3. Click Next and the following form appears where you can fill up your blog details.

4. Fill up the form.

5. Note:- if you have proxy, set the proxy by cliking the link Set Proxy… . and click Manually configure setting.

6. Now the blog will set up message appears and click Finish button.

7. The live writer will pull the blog, its theme and you can get started.

8. Now here is the final outcome.

9. You can start writing blogs offline and publish it whenever you are online. The preview and source button at bottom of the live writer can be useful to view the blog before publishing and editing the source.

Preview

Source code

10. You can add plugins by downloading them from the internet and installing plugin.

11. You can manage multiple blogs also.

Happy blogging

Networking programming in C

2011-07-14T11:56:00.001-07:00

Networking has become an integral part of our everyday life and we are in some way connected to others. It has revolutionized the way we are living. Many times we need our application to write some data into a file, stored on a remote machine connected through a network, display some message in desktop of remote machine or simply exchange messages across the machines connected to the network.

C is an intermediate programming language which is very powerful in terms it is a high level language as well as it is able to access the hardware very efficiently and effectively. Computer Network means a collection of computers connected either by some means of wire or wireless technology to share data, resources etc. So network programming is important to learn and be able to understand how networks can be programmatically controlled.

JQuery Tutorial–II : Basic CSS Selectors

2011-07-08T03:49:00.001-07:00

Selectors in JQuery is used to select specific document objects like <body>, <h1>, <p>, <a> and many more. It’s use has made writing JQuery very easier and get the required DOM to have control over it.

Using Basic CSS Selectors

Any DOM element may have their unique ID or group of selctors may have a common class for styling. The ID selects unique element from the HTML DOM and class is applied for a wide selection. For eg.

<p id="myParagraph">
  This is the paragraph with ID attribute.
<p>
<p class="ourParagraph">
  This is first the paragraph with Class attribute.
</p>
<p class="ourParagraph">
  This is second paragraph with Class attribute.
</p>

For accessing these ids and classes of paragraph it can be done as :-

<script type="text/javascript">
  $('p#myParagraph').click(function(){
     alert('You clicked ID');
  });
  $('p.ourParagraph').click(function(){
     alert('You clicked Class');
  });
</script>

The p#myParagraph selects the paragraph with ID of myParagraph and p.myParagraph slects all the paragraph with class of ourParagraph.Each id value must be used only once within a document. If more than one element has been assigned the same id, queries that use that id will only select the first matched element in the DOM.

For applying styles to page elements, group of selection methods that work across all
browsers can be applied. Those methods include selection by an element’s ID, CSS class name,
tag name, and the DOM hierarchy of the page elements.
Here are some examples to give you a quick refresher.

a - This selector matches all link (<a>) elements.
#specialID—This selector matches elements that have an id of specialID.
.specialClass—This selector matches elements that have the class of specialClass.
a#specialID.specialClass—This selector matches links with an id of specialID
and a class of specialClass.

These basic selectors are powerful, but sometimes we need even finer-grained
control over which elements we want to match. jQuery meets this challenge and
steps up to the plate with even more advanced selectors.

JQuery Tutorial - I : Getting Started

2011-07-02T23:20:00.001-07:00

JQuery is very great tool for accessing the DOM(Document Object Model) elements is any webpage. JQuery is really a cool Javascript. In this tutorial I am going to show you how to use Jquery to make life easier without having to know all the Javascript lengthy codes or statements.

First of all u need is the Jquery file downloaded from the JQuery site or a link of Google code repository for JQuery. U can either download the development version for testing purposes or min version for depolyment purpose. After u download, create a webpage of ur choice and put your jquery.file into the folder.

I will be teaching you some events handling with the simple JQuery selectors. Lets get started. Lets create a page called index.html.

<html>
<head>
	<title>JQuery Tutorial I - Getting Started</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h2>JQuery Tutorial I- Getting Stared</h2>
	<a href="#">Show</a><br />
	<p>This is JQuery Tutorial demonstrating the use of JQuery and its easiness to access and manipulate the DOM elements.</p>
</body>
</html>

index.html

Here I have just created a index.html with simple HTML tags.

Now the in the <head> … </head> section of the HTML , insert the Javascript code i.e. our JQuery code as shown below:

	<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js"></script>

Test whether or not the JQuery is working by alerting some information.

<script type="text/javascript">
	$(function(){
		alert("Page successfully loaded.");
	});
</script>

Now time for some cools stuffs with selectors…. Lets control the paragraph property by using link selectors to change the visibility of the paragraph.

Lets alert when a href is clicked. U can do this simply by following JQuery..

<script type="text/javascript">
	$(function(){
		$('a').click(function(){
			alert("A href was clicked.");
		});
	});
</script>

You can also change the visibility using toggle () function which shows and hides alternatively.

<script type="text/javascript">
	$(function(){
		$('a').click(function(){
			$('p').toggle();  // shows and hide with clicks alerternately
		});
	});
</script>

In this way JQuery can be easily integrated into your website and there are lot more possibilites with JQuery and its selectors. In next Tutorial we will be dealing with different CSS selecors….

U can download the above tutorial from here..

JQuery : Introduction

2011-06-29T12:50:00.001-07:00

JQuery is a lightweight JavaScript framework developed by John Resig.

JQuery is a lightweight "write less, do more" JavaScript library.

The jQuery library contains the following features:

HTML element selections
HTML element manipulation
CSS manipulation
HTML event functions
JavaScript Effects and animations
HTML DOM traversal and modification
AJAX
Utilities

Adding the jQuery Library to Your Pages

The jQuery library is stored as a single JavaScript file ( u can get a copy of it from the JQuery site), containing all the jQuery methods. It can be added to a web page with the following mark-up:

  1: <head>
  2: <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js"></script>
  3: </head>

You can use the alternate version of the JQuery by referring to the site..

  1: <script type="text/javascript" 
  2:      src="="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.2/jquery.min.js">
  3: </script>

To start using JQuery,

  1: <script type="text/javascript">
  2: $(document).ready(function(){
  3:       //Your JQuery code
  4: }};
  5: </script>

The JQuery loads the functions after only when all the DOM elements get loaded.

jQuery Syntax

The jQuery syntax is tailor made for selecting HTML elements and perform some action on the element(s).

Basic syntax is: $(selector).action()

A dollar sign to define jQuery
A (selector) to "query (or find)" HTML elements
A jQuery action() to be performed on the element(s)

Examples:

$(this).hide() - hides current element

$("p").hide() - hides all paragraphs

$("p.test").hide() - hides all paragraphs with class="test"

$("#test").hide() - hides the element with id="test"

CakePHP : A rapid development MVC Framework

2011-06-29T12:18:00.001-07:00

Why Cake?
Ever since Ruby on Rails became a popular web-based framework, teams of developers have
been creating clones of Rails or Rails-like frameworks for various languages: TurboGears for
Python; Zend, Symfony, and many others for PHP; Catalyst for Perl; and on and on. With so
many options out there, why choose CakePHP for your web project?

Getting a web project off the ground can be cumbersome and technically demanding, especially
when using older methods of development. Cake, however, makes the initial steps of
building a web application easy. Rather than run installation scripts from the command line,
Cake comes prepackaged as a folder you simply drop onto a server and is ready to run.
The command line does come in handy once you begin building onto the framework.
Later, I’ll discuss Cake’s scaffolding features that cut down on routine development tasks.
With Cake, creating user flows in the application early on is simple and can improve communication
with clients. In some cases, a run-through of the application can be developed
in minutes, allowing the client to get an idea of the project’s architecture.
Once a project is fleshed out and launched, site maintenance is also improved thanks
to Cake. Because of its hierarchy and organization, as well as its effectiveness at limiting
redundancy, Cake helps developers adjust a web application on the fly. Cake also supports
test databases and URL routes for testing new features or versions of web applications on
the live setup.

Model-View-Controller
Cake enforces an MVC structure for your web applications. Basically, it effectively separates
typical operations into specific areas: models for all your database interaction, views for all
your output and displays, and controllers for all your commands/scripts for input and program
flow. The typical PHP application mixes each of these three functions in the same code,
making it difficult to maintain and debug.
This is the typical flow for PHP scripting (see Figure 1-1):
1. The client sends a request to a PHP script by typing a URL or clicking a link of some
kind.
2. The script processes the data and then sends the database requests directly to the
database.
3. The script receives any database output and processes the data.
4. The script generates output and forwards it to the client’s browser.

In short, everything is contained in one PHP script. By using the include() function,
developers strip out common functions into other external files, which makes it possible to
reduce redundancy. The most complex PHP applications use objects that can be called anywhere
in the application and modified depending on the variables and settings passed to
them. Developers, when using objects and classes, can structure the application in numerous
ways.
MVC improves upon the typical PHP flow and is an effective technique for making class
objects available over the whole application. The main goal behind MVC is to make sure that
each function of the application is written once and only once, thus streamlining code by
reducing redundancy. Cake accomplishes this goal by not only providing the resources to
make MVC possible but also by using a consistent method for where to store operations in the
application. Simply naming your own files a certain way allows Cake to piece together the various
resources without using any code specifications.
MVC can vary depending on the framework with which you’re working, but generally it
works as follows (see Figure 1-2):
1. The client sends a page request to the application, either by typing a URL or by clicking
a link of some kind. By convention, a typical URL is usually structured like this:
http://{Domain}.com/{Application}/{Controller}/{Action}/{Parameter 1, etc.}
2. The dispatcher script parses the URL structure and determines which controller to
execute. It also passes along any actions and parameters to the controller.
3. The function in the controller may need to handle more data than just the parameters
forwarded by the dispatcher. It will send database requests to the model script.
4. The model script determines how to interact with the database using the requests submitted
by the controller. It may run queries with the database and do all sorts of handy
data-sorting instructions.
5. Once the model has pulled any data from or sent data to the database, it returns its
output to the controller.
6. The controller processes the data and outputs to the view file.
7. The view adds any design or display data to the controller output and sends its output
to the client’s browser.

The benefit of using MVC to develop web sites is that repeated functions or tasks can be
separated, thus allowing for quicker edits. It can even help in debugging. Say an error keeps
occurring during the interaction with the database. Usually the problem will be somewhere
in a model. Knowing that all database interactions occur in just one place makes it easier to
solve problems.

IoeCamPlus : II/I part IOE Project

2011-04-21T22:31:00.001-07:00

IoeCamPlus is a cross platform webcam application developed as a part of II/I part C++ project at Pulchok Campus.
Platform: QT and OpenCV
Language : C++

is an application designed to utilize web cams present in most of the laptops and notebooks. This application is also able to utilize other simple USB PnP web cam technologies for PC’s. In a nutshell, this application is made to be a lightweight alternative to the default web cam application that comes with the corresponding machine.
The project runs in two different modes:-
A. Camera Mode
B. Image Mode

In Camera Mode, the application can apply basic filters to some advanced and add frames to the capture image. The user can record video and save to the file. In Image Mode, user can load images from the local drive and apply basic filters and add frame. The applied image can be saved to local drive.
The IoeCamPlus application is developed as an alternative to the webcam applications found in one’s computer.
Areas of Application

1. This project is an implementation of Computer Vision and therefore has many applications in real world problems. 2. The project can be used as an alternative to the webcam applications available in one’s computer. 3. One can apply frames, filters to the stored image as well as the capturing image and record videos to the local disk. 4. Since it is a cross platform application developed using Qt and OpenCV, it can also be used in other system than windows.

Implementation Diagrams:

1. Block Diagram

2. Class Diagram

Application Screenshots:-

References:
Working with C++ alone without any extra references would have been difficult. We too have gone through various books and sites related to C++ programming and Qt and OpenCV programming. We are thankful to the author of those books and sites. The following books and sites have provided us the knowledge for the completion of our project:-

Object Oriented Programming in C++ ( Robert Lafore )
The Secrets of Object Oriented Programming in C++ ( Daya Sagar Baral & Diwakar Baral )
Learning OpenCV Computer Vision with the OpenCV ( Gary Bradski & Adrian Kaehler )
Qt Documentation ( Qt site and Qt application )

Many sites were referred for the development of the project. The sites referred can be listed as below:

The project is open source . You can view the codes and reports and modify them according to ur need. Don’t forget to mention our names….

Downloads

Report
Project ( Executable with installer)
Source code

Qt–OpeCV : Hello image display in the screen

2011-03-13T05:31:00.001-07:00

After successfully configuring your Qt-Creator with OpenCV library, its now time to get your hands dirty with the openCV programming. Here I have created a simple sample program which loads the picture from your drive named hello.jpg. Its really simple

Here is the code for main.cpp

  1: #include <opencv/cv.h>
  2: #include <opencv/highgui.h>
  3: #include <QtGui/QApplication>
  4: #include "mainwindow.h"
  5: 
  6: int main(int argc, char *argv[]){   
  7:     QApplication a(argc, argv);    
  8:     MainWindow w;    
  9:     w.show();  
 10:     IplImage* img = cvLoadImage( "C:\\hello.jpg" ); 
 11:                     //load the image     
 12:     cvNamedWindow( "Example1", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );  
 13:     cvShowImage( "Example1", img ); 
 14:     cvWaitKey(0);  
 15:     cvReleaseImage( &img );  
 16:     cvDestroyWindow( "Example1" ); 
 17:     return a.exec();
 18: }

You will get output like this…

You can download the above project for OpenCV2.2 here.

Qt : Installing OpenCV in Qt Platform

2011-03-11T03:27:00.001-08:00

QTCreator is the open source cross-platform IDE from Nokia’s QT project, and with its ease of use, complete integration with the QT library, and included compiler, it has proven to be a complete solution. After downloading the latest version of Qt-Creator and openCV libray w the following instructions to configure the openCV library.

First install the Qt-Creator and extract OpenCV at any locaion. For convience I have extracted the OpenCV in C:\.
This creates the project. Now open the projectName.pro file. U will find something like this…
Restart the computer — This step is required for the PATH to be registered. Run QTCreator
Start a New Project (File -> New File or Project… Then pick a QT C++ project, could be QT GUI application or Console application, then follow the instructions to create the new project)
Now that you have a new project, you should have a view like the figure below.
All you have left to do, is to add the INCLUDEPATH and LIBS lines to your pro file, like the ones shown in the figure below, but remember to use the actual directory where you installed OpenCV. (Backward slashes “\” are used to add multiple lines)

INCLUDEPATH += "C:\OpenCV2.0\include"
LIBS += "C:\OpenCV2.0\lib\*.a"

I have used OpenCV2.0. And that’s all. You are ready to start with OpenCV in Qt. .

Qt : Introduction

2011-03-11T02:55:00.001-08:00

Qt is a cross-platform application framework. Using Qt, you can write applications once and deploy them across many desktop and embedded operating systems without rewriting the source code.

Qt's vision is to have Qt Everywhere and to enable you to create advanced applications with innovative user experiences while getting to market quickly. Qt allows you to code once and deploy across major device and desktop operating systems.

Development overview

Code
Qt development is done in standard C++ rather than the Symbian C++ dialect used by Symbian. The Qt APIs provide a higher level of abstraction than the Symbian APIs. This means development is easier and you will get results much quicker.
If you have only developed with Symbian C++ then you will need to learn a few new ways of doing things. However, your general programming skills will transfer easily and the discipline you have learned from Symbian C++ will be well rewarded. Some information about transferring Symbian C++ concepts can be found in the Symbian paradigms section.
IDE
Developing Qt applications for Symbian follows much the same process as developing for Symbian, i.e. you can use the same development environment (Symbian C++ SDKs, Symbian emulator and Carbide.c++); you can use the same build and debug features inside Carbide.c++; and applications are packaged in .sis files for installation on the phone.
Support for Qt development has been integrated into Carbide.c++ which simplifies the development of Qt applications. The Qt APIs are very well documented and are available here.
Note: The only supported development environment for Qt for Symbian is Carbide.c++ (version 2.0.2)
GUI
Qt has its own GUI widget set so you will not be using the Symbian UI widgets. However, the Qt UI widgets look and behave like their Symbian counterparts.

WxWidgets: Cross Platform GUI Programming

2011-03-02T18:18:00.001-08:00

wxWidgets is a programmer’s toolkit for writing desktop or mobile applications with graphical user interfaces(GUIs). It’s a framework, in the sense that it does a lot of the housekeeping work and provides default application behavior. The wxWidgets library contains a large number of classes and methods for the programmer to use and customize. Applications typically show windows containing standard controls, possibly drawing specialized images and graphics and responding to input from the mouse, keyboard, or other sources. They may also communicate with other processes or drive other programs. In other words, wxWidgets makes it relatively easy for the programmer to write an application that does all the usual things modern applications do. While wxWidgets is often labeled a GUI development toolkit, it is in fact much more than that and has features that are useful for many aspects of application development. This has to be the case because all of a wxWidgets application needs to be portable to different platforms, not just the GUI part, wxWidgets provides classes for files and streams, multiple threads, application settings, interprocess communication, online help, database access, and much more.

WHY USE WXWIDGETS?
One area where wxWidgets differs from many other frameworks, such as MFC or OWL, is its multi-platform nature. wxWidgets has an Application Programming Interface (API) that is the same, or very nearly the same, on all supported platforms. This means that you can write an application on Windows, for example, and with very few changes (if any) recompile it on Linux or Mac OS X. This has a huge cost benefit compared with completely rewriting an application for each platform, and it also means that you do not need to learn a different API for each platform. Furthermore, it helps to future-proof your applications. As the computing landscape changes, wxWidgets changes with it, allowing your application to be ported to the latest
and greatest systems supporting the newest features.

THE WXWIDGETS ARCHITECTURE
Table 1-1 shows the four conceptual layers: the wxWidgets public API, each
major port, the platform API used by that port, and finally the underlying
operating system.

Table 1-1 wxWidgets Ports

OpenCV : Library for Computer Vision

2011-02-28T09:00:00.001-08:00

What Is OpenCV?

OpenCV [OpenCV] is an open source (see http://opensource.org) computer vision library available from http://SourceForge.net/projects/opencvlibrary. Th e library is written in C and C++ and runs under Linux, Windows and Mac OS X. Th ere is active development on interfaces for Python, Ruby, Matlab, and other languages.

One of OpenCV’s goals is to provide a simple-to-use computer vision infrastructure that helps people build fairly sophisticated vision applications quickly. Th e OpenCV library contains over 500 functions that span many areas in vision, including factory product inspection, medical imaging, security, user interface, camera calibration, stereo vision, and robotics. Because computer vision and machine learning oft en go hand-inhand, OpenCV also contains a full, general-purpose Machine Learning Library (MLL). Th is sublibrary is focused on statistical pattern recognition and clustering. Th e MLL is highly useful for the vision tasks that are at the core of OpenCV’s mission, but it is general enough to be used for any machine learning problem.

OpenCV Structure and Content

OpenCV is broadly structured into fi ve main components, four of which are shown figure below. Th e CV component contains the basic image processing and higher-level computer vision algorithms; ML is the machine learning library, which includes many statistical classifi ers and clustering tools. HighGUI contains I/O routines and functions for storing and loading video and images, and CXCore contains the basic data structures and content. CvAux, which contains both defunct areas (embedded HMM
face recognition) and experimental algorithms (background/foreground segmentation).

SDL: Setting up for Code::Blocks for a Windows Compiler

2011-02-05T23:36:00.001-08:00

Download the latest version of Code::Blocks from http://www.codeblocks.org/downloads/26 or directly click here to download 10.05 and install it in your system.

Step 1: Download SDL libraries

Go here: http://www.libsdl.org/download-1.2.php
Find the header entitled "Development Libraries"
Under Win32, choose the option that says (Mingw32) after it. The current one at the time of writing this article is "SDL-devel-1.2.12-mingw32.tar.gz", but there may be a newer version when you try. Click on this and download it to your desktop.
For more libraries to link on SDL, Download SDL_image-devel-1.2.10-VC ,SDL_mixer-2.0.10-VC , SDL_ttf-devel-2.0.10-VC etc.

Step 2: Uncompress the downloaded .tar.gz file

If you do not have an application that can decompress this type of file, you can get one here: http://www.7-zip.org/download.html You will want to uncompress it into its own folder, so that we can manually copy the files we need into the CodeBlocks folder.

Step 3: Copy the files from the uncompressed folder to your CodeBlocks folder

Copy the respective folders of downloaded sdl libraries to the CodeBlocks folder.
Now time to setup

Here I have made a folder for me in C drive which contains all the libraries for SDL.
Path:- C:\Ashok Programs\SDL Library\SDL-1.2.14\include
Go to Setting->Compiler and Debugger and go to Tab Search Directories so that codeblocks will search for the include folder or library folder in the location that we have set.
-> Search Directories for Compiler

-> Search Directories for Linker
In the linker setting tab, other linker tabs, add the linker libraries.
-lmingw32
-lSDLmain
-lSDL
Now time to put dll(dynamic link libraries). You can put the dll files either in the System32 directory (i.e. C:\Windows\System32) or the in application folder itself (i.e. in project folder). Its good if you copy it to the project folder since during distribution you don’t need to search for them. But for testing purposes copying in system32 folder reduces the time for individual dll copying.
Copy the dll files from the bin folder of the libraries that you have downloaded.
If you want other SDL components such as SDL image, SDL mixer etc. you need to download the library files as given in above link and extract the folder. Then copy the respective include folder contents to our main SDL Library folder and lib folder contens to SDL lib located at the main SDL library folder. and don’t forget to the dll files from bin folder to the system32 or project folder.

Create a new file in the project directory named.cpp and paste the following code

#include "SDL/SDL.h"
int main( int argc, char* args[] ) { SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING ); //Start SDL SDL_Quit(); //Quit SDL return 0; }
Save the source and compile your project. If there are no errors, you're done. Otherwise go back and make sure everything is done. Double check that you have SDL.dll in the same directory as your exe or system32.

Customize your localhost Display

2011-01-16T09:49:00.001-08:00

Have u ever thinked of getting your localhost display customized with the local projects being displayed with lots of other stuffs than simply “It Works” text. Here is a simple HTML, CSS and JQuery based localhost index page so that u can get urself dynamic…
1. First of all listing your local projects stored in htdocs folder or www(for wampp) is a great idea to get a look at your projects.

$dir = "../webroot"; //give ur directory where project is located
if($handle = opendir($dir)){
     while($file = readdir($handle)){
         clearstatcache();
          if(!is_file($dir.'/'.$file) && $file[0] != '.' && $file != '..' && $file!='localhost')    //which directory not to show
              print "<font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"> <li><a href=$file target='_blank'>$file</li></font></a>";
       }
      closedir($handle);
}

2. The index.php file is created that loads automatically when http://localhost is hit in the address bar. The localhost folder is created to store the javascript, css and images files.
3. Finally the localhost is customized according to your need.
Here is screenshot of how I came up with my localhost….

Download the localhost source codes.

List of object-oriented programming languages

2011-01-07T20:39:00.001-08:00

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" – data structures consisting of data fields and methods together with their interactions – to design applications and computer programs. Programming techniques may include features such as data abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, polymorphism, and inheritance. Many modern programming languages now support OOP.

Languages with object-oriented features

ABAP
Ada 95
AmigaE
BETA
Blue
Boo
C++
C#
COBOL
Cobra
ColdFusion
Common Lisp
COOL
CorbaScript
Clarion
CLU
Curl
D
Dylan
E
Eiffel
- Sather
Falcon
FreeBASIC
F-Script
F#
Fortran 2003
FPr
Gambas
Graphtalk
IDLscript
J
JADE
Java
- Groovy
- Join Java
- X10
Lasso
Lava
Lexico
Lingo
LISP
MATLAB
Modula-2
- Modula-3
Nemerle
Noop
NetRexx
Oberon (Oberon-1)
- Oberon-2
Object Pascal
- Delphi
- Free Pascal
- Turbo Pascal
Object REXX
Objective-C
Objective Caml

Omnis Studio
Oz
- Mozart Programming System
Perl since v5
PHP5
Pliant
PRM
Prototype-based languages
- Actor-Based Concurrent Language, ABCL: ABCL/1, ABCL/R, ABCL/R2, ABCL/c+
- Agora
- Cecil
- Cel
- ECMAScript
- Etoys in Squeak
- Io
- Lua
- Lisaac
- MOO
- NewtonScript
- Obliq
- REBOL
- Self
Python
REALbasic
Revolution
Ruby
Scala
SenseTalk
Simula
Smalltalk
- Self
- Bistro
- Squeak
S
- R
Squirrel
Superx++
TADS
Ubercode
Visual Basic
- Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET)
- VBScript
- Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
Visual FoxPro
Visual Prolog
Tcl
- Xotcl similar to CLOS
- Snit uses delegation
- incr Tcl (itcl) similar to C++
XBase++ extends xBase standard language
ZZT-oop

List of Programming Languages in Alphabetical Order

2011-01-07T20:38:00.001-08:00

A programming language is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely, or as a mode of human communication.
The list of programming languages is comprised of all languages implemented in a compiler or an interpreter, in alphabetical order.
In addition, historical languages with no compiler, but that may have influenced design of further work are included also, provided that the author of the further language has made a verifiable reference to them.
Most entries in the list has a link to a website or a download page for the compiler or the interpreter. For historical languages, a link to a dedicated website or a description. Additional info as date and type of language may be added too.

Programming languages Procedural and functional languages.
Markup languages and data formats XML, XAML, XUL...
Database or query languages SQL and other languages.

Programming Languages

A

A+. 2001 Similar to APL.
A#. Object oriented, functional programming language, now replaced by Aldor.
Abap. Advanced Business Application Programming. Cobol-like programming language for Sap web application servers.
Abc.
Action! Compiler design programming language, as Micro-SPL.
ActionScript. 2004. Version of ECMAScript for Flash.
Actor. 1986. Programming language and also a concept for language design (actor oriented).
Ada. 1983.
Afnix. 1998 Functional, formerly Aleph.
Agena. 2009. Inspired from Algol and C.
Aldor.
Aleph. See Afnix.
Algae. Interpreted language for numerical analysis.
Algo. Algebraic programming language.
Algol. 1958. Followed by Algol 60, Algol W (Wirth) and Algol 68. Has inspired Pascal.
Alma-0. Imperative and logical programming language.
Alphard. 1974 Name of the brightest star in Hydra. Pascal-like.
Altran. 1968. Fortran variant.
AmigaE. Language inspired by Ada, C++, Lisp.
Ampl. Modeling Language for Mathematical Programming.
Anubis. 2000. Functional, not ML, language.
ApeScript.
Apl. 1962. A Programming Language Compiler FAQ.
AppleScript. 1993. English-like scripting language.
APT. Automatically Programmed Tool. High-level language for numerically controlled machines.
Arduino. A version of the wiring language for the open source USB controller Arduino.
Argos. Synchronous language.
ARS. Abstraction, Reference and Synthesis. An orientation. Inspired programming languages. An ARS++ compiler exists.
AspectJ. Java implementation of Aspect oriented programming. Compiler Development
Assembly.
ATLAS. Several minor languages with this name.
Autocode. 1952. Several versions of this primitive historical language.
AutoIt. Automation language. Originally for scripting Windows applications, now more general.
Averest. Synchronous language, replaced by Quartz.
Awk. 1978. See also gawk, nawk, mawk.
Axiom. Computer Algrebra System, actually a set of tools that uses the A# language.

B

B. 1969.
Bash. Bourne-Again shell. Actually an interpreter for Bourne shell.
Basic. 1964.
BAL. Assembly language for the IBM 360.
Bcpl. 1966. Basic Combined Programming Language. Compiler. Inspired B which in turn inspired C.
BeanShell.
Beta.
Bigwig.
Bistro. 1999 Smaltalk and Java like.
Bliss.
Boo. 2004.
Bourne shell. (sh) 1978. Language of commands for Unix.
Bpel. Business Process Execution Language

C

C. 1972.
C--. Portable intermediate language. Subset of C.
C++. 1980. The standard is C++ 98 and C++ 09 should succeed in 2009.
C#. 2000.
C Shell.
Caché ObjectScript. Procedural language with database functions. Compatible with Mumps.
Caml. Categorical Abstract Machine Language.
Cayenne. Functionnal, near Haskell with Java features.
Cecil. 1992 Near Modula and Objective C.
CeeBot.
CFScript. JavaScript part of ColdFusion. See also CFML.
Cg.
Charity. Functional and categorical programming language.
CHILL. Language for telecommunications. Chill 96 is object oriented and generic.
CHR. Constraint Handling Rules.
Chrome.
ChucK. Multimedia concurrent language.
Cilk. Multi-threaded and concurrent based on C.
Clarion.
Clean. Concurrent Clean.
Clipper. 1984.
CLIPS. C Language Integrated Production System. See Cool.
Clojure. 2007. Lisp-like for the java virtual machine.
CLOS. See Common Lisp.
Clu. Has inspired Ruby.
Cobol. 1959. COmmon Business Oriented Language. Inspired by Flow-matic, Fortran. ANSI standards are Cobol 58, 74, 85 and 2002 object oriented.
CobolScript.
Code. Visual parallel programming system.
ColdFusion. 2001. Java compatible combination of CFScript and CFML, used for dynamic web processing.
Comal. 1973.
CIL. Common Intermediate Language.
Common Lisp.
Component Pascal.- See Oberon.
Comit.- List or string processing language
Cool.
Coral66.
Corn.
Cowsel. See POP1.
CPL. Predecessor of BCPL.
Csh. See C Shell.
Curl.
Curry.
Cyclone.

D

D. 2000.
Databus. See PL/B.
Dark Basic. Language for game creation.
Datalog. Actually a deductive tool using Prolog.
DCL. Digital Command Language. Scripting PL used on Digital computers.
Delphi. 1995. Created by Borland, now at Embarcadero.
Dibol.
Disco. 1992.
Dylan. 1992. DYNamic LANguage. Unlike Perl, only one way to do a thing.

E

E. See also AmigaE.
Ease. See Csp and Linda.
EcmaScript. 1997.
Edinburgh IMP. See IMP.
Eiffel. 1986.
Elan. 1974
elastiC.
Emacs Lisp.
EGL. Enterprise Generation Language
Epigram. A concurrent P. L.
Erlang. 1998. ERicsson LANguage and also Agner Krarup Erlang. Functional, concurrent PL and runtime.
Escapade. Server-side programming
Esterel.
Euclid.
Euphoria. 1993. Typed scripting interpreted language.
Euler. Successor to Algol 60. Dynamically typed.
Exec. See Rexx.

F

F.
F#.
Fabric. 2010, Cornell. Based on Java and Jif, it provides security on data used and stored.
Factor. 2003.
Fantom. 2005. C-like running on JVM and .NET.
Felix.
Ferite.
FL.
Flow-Matic. 1954.
Focal.
Focus.
Foil.
Forth. 1977. FOuRTH. Stack oriented. Used to command machines including boot of computers.
Fortran. 1957. FORmula TRANSlator. Standard Fortran II (58), IV (61), 66, 77 (Procedural), 90, 95, 2003 (Object oriented). Language for scientific computations. Other dialects are S-Fortran, SFtran, QuickTran, LTRTran, HPF, Co-Array Fortran.
Fortress. Designed for high performance computing.
FP.
Frink.

G

G.
Gams. General Algebraic Modeling System.
Gml. Game Maker Language.
Go. 2009. Created by Google, is C and Pascal-like. It is concurrent with a garbage collector.
Godiva.
Goedel.
Gosu. 2010. Java-like running on the JVM, provides extended types.
GPSS.
Groovy. Scripting language for Java.

H

Hal/S. Real-time aerospace programming language
HaScript.
Haskell. 1990. Functional language. Haskell 98 follows. In 2002 version a lazy functional language. Compiler.
Heron.
HLA. High Level Assembly
Hugo.
HyperTalk. Hypernext and Supercard are Hypercard-like tools.
H2o.

I

IAL. 1958.
ICI.
Icon. 1977-79.
IDL. 1977. Interface Definition Language. A family of descriptives languages. Compiler.
IMP.
Inform.
IPL. 1956. Information Processing Language. First in list processing but replaced by Lisp.
Intercal. 1972.
IO.
Iswim. 1966.

J

J. 1990. Is a rework of APL.
Jade.
Jal.
Janus. Predecessor of Toontalk.
Java. 1994.
JavaFX Script. 2008.
JavaScript. 1996.
JCL.
Jif. 2001. Cornell. Java with control on information access.
Join Java. Augmented version of Java.
Joss. 1963. Predecessor of Mumps.
Joule.
Jovial. Jules Own Version of the International Algorithmic Language.
Joy.
JSP. See Java.
JScript. See EcmaScript.
Jython. See Python.

K

K.
Kid. See P-Tac.
Kiev.
Kogut.
Krypton.

L

LabView.
Lagoona.
Lava.
Leda.
Leopard.
Lexico.
Lfyre.
Limbo. Concurrent langage, for distributed applications on the Inferno OS. Successor to Alef.
Linc.
Lingo. Several languages: Macromedia Lingo, Lingo Allegro, Linn Lingo, Lindo Lingo.
Lisaac.
Lisp. 1958. LISt Processing.
Logo. 1966-68. Lisp without parenthesis. Learn programming by moving a graphical turtle. Compiler. (.Net)
Lua. 1993. (Moon in portuguese). Scripting C-like language used mainly as extension to C.
Lucid.
Lush.
Lustre.
LYaPAS.

M

M from Microsoft. Modeling language.
M. See Mumps.
M4.
MAD. See IAL, Algol.
Magma.
Maple.
Mary.
Mathematica. 1988. Programming language that uses algebraic notation for expressions.
Matlab.
Mercury. 1995. Functional logic programming language. Ported to C, Java, IL (.Net).
Mesa.
Metal.
Metro. 2008. Design language from Microsoft for Windows Phone, Media Center and mobile devices. (Link on a ppc file readable with LibreOffice).
MicroScript.
Mimic.
Miranda. 1989. Functional language, has inspired Haskell.
Miva.
Mixal. "Mix Assembly Language" for the Mix computer of Donald Knuth.
ML.
Moby.
Modula-2. 1980.
Modula-3. 1989.
Mondrian. Haskell-like.
Mortran. See Fortran.
Moto.
MSIL. See CIL.
Mumps. 1967. Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System. Database oriented language.

N

Napier 88. Persistent language.
Nemerle.
Nesl.
NetRexx. 1996.
Ngl.
Nial.
Nice.
Nickle.
Noop. 2009. Java-like language designed by Google to syntactically encourage good coding practices and discouraging the worst offenses.
Nu. 2007. Near Lisp and Ruby.
Nosica.

O

o:Xml.
Oberon. 1985-88. (Moon of Uranus). Reflective language. Derived from Modula-2.
Objective-C. 1982. C plus Smalltalk, used in GNUStep environment.
Objective Caml. 1996. ML-derived, functional and imperative language. Extends Caml.
Objective J. 2008. Sur-ensemble de JavaScript utilisant la librairie Ojective-C.
Objective Modula 2. 2006. Combination of Objective-C, Smalltalk and Modula 2.
Obliq.
OCaml. See Objective Caml above.
Occam. (Occam-Pi, occam-π)
Octave. For numerical computation.
Opal.
OPL. Open (or Organizer) Programming Language.
Ops5.
Orc. A language for distributed and concurrent programming, working through sites. May be used for Web scripting.
Oz.

P

Pascal. 1968-71. Name of a french mathematician.
PBasic.
Perl. 1987.
PHP. 1995. Personal Home Page Hypertext Processor. PHP 5 in 2004. PHP 6 in 2007.
Pico.
Pike.
Pilot.
Pizza.
PL 11.
PL/0.
PL/B.
PL/C. Subset of PL/1
PL/I. 1964. Programming Language One.
PL/M.
Plankalkül. 1946.
Pliant.
Pop-11.
Poplog.
Portran.
Pov-Ray.
Processing.
Profan.
Prograph.
Prolog.
Proteus.
P-Tac. Parallel language.
Python. 1991. Scripting interpreted language.

Q

Q.
QuakeC. Version of C for the Quake game.
QML. Or QPL. Set of programming languages for quantum computers.
QML. Declarative language to design user interfaces, similar to JavaFX, for Qt.

R

R. 1998. Language and environment for statistical computation and graphics. Derived from the S language it is near Scheme.
R++. C++ with rules added.
Rascal. Version of Pascal for kids.
Ratfiv. Version of Ratfor for a computer.
Ratfor. 1975. Version of Fortran.
RC. Rc shell, Plan9 command language ported further to Unix.
Realbasic.
Rebol. 1997. Relative Expression Based Object Language. Dynamic language with numerous predefined types.
Refal. 1968. REcursive Functions Algorithmic Language.
Revolution. Version of Hypertalk.
RPG. 1960+ Report Program Generator. Query tool extended in a programming language for IBM. Main versions are RPG II, RPG III, RPG/400, RPG IV.
RPL. Langage for calculators similar to Forth.
Rexx. 1979. REstructured eXtended eXecutor. Designed for IBM OS scripting but ported on other platforms.
Rigal.
Rlab.
RSL. Robot Scripting Language.
Ruby. 1995 Follows a "principle of least surprise", each thing must be intuitive. Scripting, multi-paradigm, object oriented.

S

S. (S-plus) See Tinn-R. The R framework hold an implementation.
S2.
Sail. Stanford Artificial Intelligence Language
SAM76. Implementation of Trac.
SAS. Fortran specialized in statistical reports.
Sather. Eiffel-like language.
Scala. 2004.
Scheme. 1975.
Scratch. 2007. Educational language developed by MIT consisting of blocks to be assembled. The same principle was used for the OpenBlocks Java library.
Scriptol. 2001 Object oriented and XML oriented. Interpreter, PHP compiler.
Sed. Stream EDitor.
Seed7. 2005.
Self. 1993.
SETL. Has inspired ABC, predecessor of Python.
Short Code. 1949. Precursor of programming languages.
SimsScript. Fortran specialized in mathematical simulations.
Simmunity. Language for Internet based on APL
Simula. 1962.
SISAL. Streams and Iteration in a Single Assignment Language
Slate.
Slip. Symmetric LIst Processor. Actually an extension to fortran and other programming languages.
Smalltalk.
Snobol. 1962. Snobol 3 (1965), 4 (1966).
SOAP. Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program, IBM 650 assembly language.
Spitbol. SPeedy ImplemenTation of snobOL. Actually a compiled version of Snobol.
Snowball.
SPARK.
SP/k. Subset of PL/1, used for teaching.
SPL.
Squeak.
SR. Synchronizing Resources
SSL.
Standard ML.
Subtext.
SuperCollider.
SuperX++. 2001. XML language.
SyncCharts.
Synergy/DE.

T

T. 1980+ A version of Lisp.
TACL. Tandem Advanced Command Language. Scripting language used by Hewlett-Packard.
Tacpol. Implementation of PL/I, was used by US army.
TADS. Text Adventure Development System. A language to make games.
TAL. Transaction Application Language, cross between C and Pascal used for Tandem computers.
Transcript. Voir Revolution.
Tcl. 1988. Tool Command Language. Tk is the graphical toolkit.
Telcomp. 1965. Derived from Joss, conversationnal language used on PDP computers until 1974. Influenced Mumps.
Tempo.
Tinn-r.
Titanium.
TI-Basic.Basic-like language for calculators.
Tom.
Tpu. Scripting programming language for VAX/VMS (not verified).
Trac. 1960+. Text Reckoning And Compiling.
TTCN-3. Testing and Test Control Notation. Formerly: "Tree and Tabular Combined Notation".
Turing. 1982. Pascal-like, derived from Euclid.
Tutor. 1965. CAI programming language.
TXL. 1988. Derived from Turing above.

U

Ubercode. 2005. Cross between Eiffel and Basic.
Unicon. Unified Extended Dialect of Icon.
UnrealScript. Scripting games.
UrbiScript. Robot programming language.
UML. Unified Modeling Language. Visual programming language.

V

Verilog HDL. A hardware description language.
VHDL. VHSIC Hardware Description Language.
VDS. Visual DialogScript.
Virt. Pascal-like with Prolog features, for Artificial Intelligence problem solving. Interpreter.
Visual Basic. 1991.
Visual Basic .NET.
VBScript.Visual Basic Script Edition.

W

Water. XML-embedded programming language.
Whitespace. Actually a joke, an "esoteric" programming language, but with a real interpreter!
Winbatch. Scripting language for Windows.
Wiring. C-like language dedicated to electronics.

X

XOTcl. Object oriented version of TCL.
XPL. 1967. Derived from PL/I, for compiler writing.
XL. Implements concept programming.

Y

YAFL.
Yorick. Language for scientific calculations and simulations.

Z

Z notation. Visual specification of programs like UML.
ZPL.
ZOPL. (Not verified)
ZUG. (Not verified)

Markup languages and data formats

CFML. ColdFusion Markup Language.
EmotionML. An XML dialect for representing emotions, by the W3C..
HTML. HyperText Markup Language.
PostScript. 1985.
Protocol Buffers. By Google, became open in 2008.
RDF. Resource Description Framework.
SGML. 1969.
SVG. Scalable Vector Graphic.
Tex.
XAML. eXtensible Application Markup Language.
XBL. eXtensible Bindings Language. For widget creating in Xml based languages.
Xforms. Web graphical interactive user interface.
XHTML. XML HTML.
XML. eXtensible Markup Language.
XUL. XML-based User interface Language.

Query or database oriented languages

Aubit-4GL. See Informix.
D4 or Dataphor. Based on Tutorial D.
Dataflex. 1980. Database programming language.
dBase. programming language.
Hypertalk. 1987. Card language for Apple.
Informix-4GL. 4GL means for fourth generation specialized language. Informix is specialized in databases and reports.
pl/SQL. SQL extension.
SQL. 1987. Structured Query Language.
Tutorial D.
Visual Foxpro. Derived from dBase.
xBaseScript. (xbScript) Clipper database scripting.

Source: Scriptol.com

SDL : Introduction

2010-12-31T09:53:00.001-08:00

SDL = Simple DirectMedia Layer is a free cross-platform multi-media development API. Its used for

games
game SDKs
emulators
demos
multimedia applications

What can it do?

Video

Set a video mode at any depth (8-bpp or greater) with optional conversion, if the video mode is not supported by the hardware.
Write directly to a linear graphics framebuffer.
Create surfaces with colorkey or alpha blending attributes.
Surface blits are automatically converted to the target format using optimized blitters and are hardware accelerated, when possible. MMX optimized blits are available for the x86.
Hardware accelerated blit and fill operations are used if supported by the hardware.

Events

Events provided for:
- Application visibility changes
- Keyboard input
- Mouse input
- User-requested quit
Each event can be enabled or disabled with SDL_EventState().
Events are passed through a user-specified filter function before being posted to the internal event queue.
Thread-safe event queue.

Audio

Set audio playback of 8-bit and 16-bit audio, mono or stereo, with optional conversion if the format is not supported by the hardware.
Audio runs independently in a separate thread, filled via a user callback mechanism.
Designed for custom software audio mixers, but the example archive contains a complete audio/music output library.

CD-ROM audio

Complete CD audio control API

Threads

Simple thread creation API
Simple binary semaphores for synchronization

Timers

Get the number of milliseconds elapsed
Wait a specified number of milliseconds
Set a single periodic timer with 10ms resolution

Endian independence

Detect the endianness of the current system
Routines for fast swapping of data values
Read and write data of a specified endianness

What platforms does it run on?

Linux

Uses X11 for video display, taking advantage of XFree86 DGA extensions and new MTRR acceleration for fullscreen display.
Uses the OSS API for sound.
Threads are implemented using either the clone() system call and SysV IPC, or glibc-2.1 pthreads.

Win32

Two versions, one safe for all systems based on Win32 APIs, and one with higher performance, based on DirectX APIs.
Safe version uses GDI for video display. High performance version uses DirectDraw for video display, taking advantage of hardware acceleration if available.
Safe version uses waveOut APIs for sound. High performace version uses DirectSound for audio playback.

BeOS

BWindow is used for video display.
BSoundPlayer API is used for sound.

Unofficial ports, ports in progress

Solaris, IRIX, FreeBSD
MacOS

Using the Simple DirectMedia Layer API

Initializing the library

SDL is composed of eight subsystems - Audio, CDROM, Event Handling, File I/O, Joystick Handling, Threading, Timers and Video. Use SDL_Init() to dynamically load and initialize the library. This function takes a set of flags corresponding to the portions you want to activate:

SDL_INIT_AUDIO
SDL_INIT_VIDEO
SDL_INIT_CDROM
SDL_INIT_TIMER

Use SDL_Quit() to clean up the library when you are done with it.

Example:-

#include "SDL/SDL.h" //Include SDL functions and datatypes

int main( int argc, char* args[] ) {

SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING ); //Start SDL

SDL_Quit(); //Quit SDL

return 0;

}

JQuery Based Game:- Quick Multiplication

2010-12-26T12:23:00.000-08:00

This is a simple multiplication based game created using the JQuery Library. It uses the basic concept of html, css and JavaScript to create the layouts and logic needed for the game. The game uses the JQuery library for the easier accomplishment of the task and Karma Framework for the image and sounds loading. This is the game developed for the Class 6 for the deployment in rural villages by OLE NEPAL.

Objectives:-

To multiply the numbers with 0 at last quickly.

Description:-

Try to load your truck with all boxes giving correct answers to the all questions and win the race.

Instructions:-

Start the game by clicking on button “Suru Garau”
Choose the level you want to play. You can switch the level at any time of the game.
The Game has interface for entering the answers for the multiplication question as below:
There are two trucks; One is you’re the violet one and the red one is of computer. If u got a correct answer the truck gets loaded with the box. The time will be running for 10seconds and you need to answer within that time to get box loaded in truck.
When the truck gets loaded, it will go thru the bridge.

Try out the game online:- QUICK MULTIPLICATION

Game coded by: Ashok Basnet (http://ashokbasnet.com.np)

Design: OLE NEPAL (http://olenepal.org)

Quick Start a PHP Project

2010-12-17T21:32:00.001-08:00

Introduction

In the beginning, there was nothing. Well, there were static web pages that had to be edited manually. That was a pain. And it didn’t do anything other than display text and images on a web page.
With the introduction of PHP/FI (Personal Homepage Tools) in 1995, everything changed. It became possible to create dynamic web applications that generated content on-the-fly and allowed users to interact with the once static web pages.
When Rasmus Lerdorf, the creator of PHP/FI, decided to release the source code of his project, the development went even faster.
Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski joined the project in 1997 and started working on PHP 3.0 as the official successor of PHP/FI. The development of PHP/FI was mostly halted. PHP 3.0 (which is a recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) was officially released in June 1998.
Shortly after the release, Andi and Zeev were already working on a rewrite of PHP’s core. It was finished in mid-1999 and the new engine, dubbed Zend Engine (comprised of parts of their first names, Zeev and Andi), was a huge success.
PHP 4.0, based on the new Zend engine, was officially released in May 2000.
After four long years, PHP 5.0 was released introducing a new object model and dozens of other new features. In 2010, PHP 5.3.1 is the latest stable release.

What’s PHP?

If you’ve never heard about PHP, even after reading my boring introduction you probably still have no idea what PHP is.
PHP is a scripting language that was originally created for developing dynamic web applications. The difference between PHP and a client-side language like JavaScript is that PHP code is executed on your web server, generating HTML that is then sent to the client. PHP can take an input, such as a date, and then spit out another date (maybe by adding 30 days to it), without showing the process of how that number was derived.

Overview of how PHP works.

The Development Environment

Since PHP is executed on the server, we’ll need one. The best way to develop PHP applications is offline using a server package installed on your computer. Alternatively, you could use a private server.
If you prefer developing on a live web server by FTP’ing your files every time you make changes — although not advisable — I can’t stop you.
But in this PHP tutorial, we’ll do it right and install a server package on our computers: XAMPP.

Installing XAMPP

It’s possible to download Apache (the name of the web server software) and PHP individually and then set it up manually. However, its way easier to use XAMPP, a bundled package containing the software we’ll need.
To install XAMPP, we obviously need to download it first. Go to the XAMPP website, select your operating system and start downloading the basic package. XAMPP is cross-platform, so it’s available for the Mac OS, Windows, and Linux.
When your download is finished, open it.

If you are using Windows like I am, pick this version.

An installation wizard will pop up when you run the executable file. You only have to specify a path (the default value is fine) and you are good to go. Because a lot of files are being copied, this might take a while.

This might take a while…
When it’s done copying files, a command screen will appear. It’ll ask you a few questions but most of them are just personal preferences. If you have no idea which option you should choose, just accept the default settings.
After a few questions, it’s done configuring and you’ll be asked what you want to do next.
Let’s disable HTTPS, Perl, and ASP. We are disabling them because we won’t need them. If you do want to use these later on (HTTPS is especially nice if you are developing a financial app or something that needs a secure transfer protocol), you can enable them at that point in time.
When the installation is complete, open the XAMPP Control Panel.

This is what your XAMPP Control Panel should look like.

On the XAMPP Control Panel, click the first Start button to start the Apache software. If you don’t want to open the control panel every time you want to start Apache, press the first SVC button. Press the Exit button to close the Control Panel.
Congratulations, your web server is ready for use! Point your web browser to http://localhost, take a deep breath and keep your fingers crossed.

If all goes well, you will see this default message.

Picking a Source Code Editor

Writing PHP code in your regular word-processing editor like Microsoft Word is not an option. It’ll add all sorts of junk (e.g. style definitions, proprietary characters, etc.) to your document — and PHP isn’t able to process that junk.
You’ll need a text editor like Notepad — or better yet Notepad++. Text editors produce plaintext and that’s the only thing PHP understands.

Junk! Open one of your Word documents with Notepad to find out what I am talking about.

Syntax Highlighting is Important

So you open Notepad and you’re ready to start writing a few lines of code. It’s time to test what you’ve written and PHP tells you that you forgot a single quote on line X, and it is therefore unable to run your script. If you are working with "a few lines of code," it won’t be hard to determine where you forgot the single quote.
But what if there are a "few thousand lines of code"?
Meet syntax highlighting. When enabled, instructions, declarations and so forth will have their own color (it’s not added to the document, so no junk!). Even without knowing what the following piece of code does, it will only take a second to find the missing single quote.

Finding the missing single quote is a piece of cake with syntax highlighting enabled.

There are a lot of source code editors which offer syntax highlighting. (Check out this list of text editors for developers.)
Most source code editors have many other useful options (and some of them even have too many options). I prefer Notepad++ because it’s lightweight, simple to use and has everything you’ll need. Oh, and it’s open source — that’s always nice.

Is PHP Installed?

We’ve got a web server up and running and installed (XAMPP), a source code editor (Notepad++ or your preferred source code editor) — but we haven’t checked whether PHP is installed correctly or not.
If you are unsure of your web host’s capability to run PHP, it’s recommended to follow this part.
Open Notepad++. Copy and paste the following into a new text document and save it as info.php (or any file name that you’ll remember) in your webroot.

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

The webroot is the directory which Apache uses to retrieve files from. For example, the webroot of Six Revisions contains a WordPress installation. As soon as a browser performs an HTTP request for sixrevisions.com, Apache (the server software that runs Six Revisions) will try to find a index.* file and will send it back to the browser (the client). If it’s not found, a list of files will be returned (if the Apache configuration allows directory listing — but at Six Revisions, it doesn’t).

Your webroot can be found in xampp\htdocs (the default value for Windows is C:\xampp\htdocs).

If you are using a web host, your provider should have given you FTP details for accessing the webroot so that you can transfer your files to your web server.

Now point your browser to http://localhost/info.php (if you’re using XAMPP). If the page looks similar to the image below, PHP is installed correctly!

PHP is installed correctly!

You just ran your first PHP script! phpinfo() is a PHP function which outputs information about PHP’s configuration on your web server. You’ll find that when you’re working on a new server environment, phpinfo() will be a function you’ll use at least once to see what the PHP and server configurations are. This function is also used in debugging migration issues; if you transferred a website to another web server and it suddenly breaks, you can check the PHP information on the new server to see differences between the old and new server.

If nothing happened, PHP isn’t installed correctly and thus the PHP code will not be parsed. Your browser will not recognize the <?php ?> tags and it’ll just ignore them.

The PHP Block

PHP is a beautiful language. As long as the web server knows that a specific file has to be checked by the PHP parser, you are free to put PHP blocks anywhere you want. A PHP block you say?

A PHP block is nothing more than a piece of PHP code. By having a PHP block in a specific file, PHP can easily find and process a block of PHP code.

Imagine the time it would take to process all the contents of a file to determine whether it contains PHP code or not! That’s why a PHP block is needed.

It takes only five characters to open a PHP block (<?php) and two to close it (?>). They look like HTML tags, but they give you the ability to do a lot more than HTML is capable of. Let’s try it out, shall we?

Note: Some servers have the option to use the short opening tag (<?) enabled. It’s been recommended for several years that you should not use the short tag and instead use the full <?php and ?> tag combination. With the widespread use of XML and use of these tags by other languages, the server can become easily confused and end up parsing the wrong code in the wrong context!

Go to your webroot (there are probably already some files in there, feel free to delete them if you want, we don’t need them) and create a new file called index.php and fill up the file as if it was a new HTML file. Or if you are lazy, just copy and paste it from below.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My first PHP script</title>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

Now it’s a piece of cake to put a PHP block between the opening and closing body tag.

<!DOCTYPE html >
<html>  <head>  <title>My first PHP script</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php

?>
</body>
</html>

By pointing your browser to http://localhost, the index.php file will be served to your browser by default. You shouldn’t need to type http://localhost/index.php.

It’s just a blank file, nothing interesting. However, if we look at the source of the web page (right-click to view source in your web browser), we see the regular HTML tags but without a trace of the PHP block.

It has been removed by the PHP parser.

Because our PHP block didn’t contain any executable lines of code, nothing else happened.

If the PHP block would have contained executable lines of code, the PHP parser would have processed them, but would still remove the complete PHP block afterwards so that your code isn’t shown to the public.

Hello World!

Our previous PHP script didn’t do anything; it’s time to change that.

Open the index.php file again and create a new line in the PHP block.

Put the line below inside the PHP block, save the file and then refresh your web browser.

echo 'Hello World!';

Your code should resemble the following:

<body>
<?php
echo 'Hello World!';
?>
</body>

Congratulations, you just ran your first working PHP script! Your browser should be showing "Hello World!"

You really did not need to use PHP to create a page like this; it’s just a tradition in the programming world to start learning a new language by trying to output these characters on the screen.

Yet again, the PHP block magically disappeared.

So what exactly is that line of PHP code? As you’ve seen, the characters between the single quotes have appeared on the screen. echo is a PHP function which takes care of that. echo would be analogous to the .write() method in JavaScript (as in document.write('Hello World!')).

Normally, a PHP function is called by writing down its name, followed by an opening and closing parenthesis. Because echo is a language construct of PHP, which means that it’s hard-baked into the language and not actually a function, the parentheses are not required. The last character of the line is always appended after a PHP statement.

With the echo function, it’s also possible to send HTML to the browser. In these examples, you could just as well use HTML instead of doing it via PHP; it’s just for illustrative purposes.

Escape Characters

echo '<p>Hello <strong>world</strong>!</p>';

Everybody likes to have his or her HTML full of indentation for readability. Because PHP deletes a linefeed (tabs, returns, spaces and such) immediately after the closing PHP tag, your HTML markup will not be properly formatted with indentation, which can make it hard to read.

What PHP does with beautiful indentation.

Sometimes you might want to specify indentation in an echo statement. This is done by including the linefeeds in your echo statement by escaping characters.

Note that manually including the linefeeds in an echo statement with only a single quote will not work. This is because PHP doesn’t scan echo statements with only one quote for escaped characters and treats it as a literal string except when a single apostrophe is escaped with a backslash (\).

echo "\nHello World, I'm using \tindentation.\n";

echo '\nHello World, I'm using \tindentation.\n';

Single quotes versus double quotes make a difference when working with strings.

This code, for example, will produce an error:

echo 'I'm PHP';

It produces an error because the string is being terminated incorrectly.

To fix this, you can do one of the following:

// Escape the apostrophe with a backslash
echo 'I\'m PHP';

// Use double quotes
echo "I'm PHP";

<?php //And with that, let’s call it a day. ?>

PC Based Home Automation using VB

2010-12-16T08:08:00.001-08:00

The project was done at Thapathali Campus for the V.S. Niketan Exhibition.

The project is based on the concept of controlling the different devices at home using the PC. The parallel port of computer was used as an interface for hardware connection using Computer.

Basic Interface of Software:-

Fig:- Basic Interface of Home automation using VB

Downloads:-

1. PC Based Home Automation software

C.yber [LOCUS 2010 Project]

2010-09-16T05:04:00.001-07:00

C.yber is a cyber managemnet System completely build in C programming Language for the IOE event LOCUS 2010 organized on Ashwin 1 and 2.

C.yber is a program which interconnects different computers which allows users to communicate over the computer network and provide security from unauthorized users by login system in client server.
The project aims at managing the cyber cafe with multiple clients and give the clients access of services that the cyber is providing when it log in. The clients can log in as members or guests and use the services that the cyber is providing. The client can request services of cafe like tea, coffee or any others.

System Block Diagram

Downloads:-
1. Report
2. Source codes

base -2 team
Ashok Basnet
Aayush Shrestha
Bibek Subedi
Dinesh Subedi
IOE I/II Computer Engineering

Client Sever Application in C

2010-06-15T06:26:00.000-07:00

This project is intended to be done as Mini Project for Computer Programming I as the syllabus of IOE, TU. The project is based on networking in C programming.
The project is based on the client server architecture and its communication protocols. The project basically is divided into two sections:- Server and Client. The server has the full control of the information. The server can manage the information of the students and host the server to listen to clients so that client can get required information.
The features of the project include client which can chat with server for any reason or can search the information of a particular student. The chat part basically deals with message sending and receiving between server and client. When a client requests for the chat, server starts the session of chat and both can send and receive the message one at a time. When the chat session needs to be closed any user can type “end” and send it over network.
The server can store the information of the students and do all sorts of modification, search, delete them. The information is stored in the file at server. When client requests for it, the server searches the required from the file and replies back to the client.
This project is an implementation of how the information is exchanged in any network using sockets. Windows sockets 2 (Winsock) is used to create application capable of transmitting data across network independent of the network protocol being used. Winsock follows the Windows Open System Architecture (WOSA) model; it defines a standard service provider interface (SPI) between the application programming interface (API), with its exported functions and the protocol stacks. It uses the sockets paradigm that was first popularized by Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) UNIX. It was later adapted for Windows in Windows Sockets 1.1, with which Windows Sockets 2 applications are backward compatible. Winsock programming previously centered around TCP/IP. Some programming practices that worked with TCP/IP do not work with every protocol. As a result, the Windows Sockets 2 API adds functions where necessary to handle several protocols.
The system is basically divided into two broad section:-

Server :- It is responsible for hosting the server so that client can start communication session.
Client :- Client connects to the server by giving the server IP address and port number to which it should connect to.

Application Block Diagram:

Some screenshots of the program output are:
1. Client Chatting with the sever

2. Server replying to client Request for student Information

Downloads:-

1. Project Executable file
You can run the application in a single machine(don't need two machines at LAN) to test the application. Open two exe file of the application and in one go to server mode with password "ioe". U can manage the student information that can be later searched by the clients.
In next application go to client mode and join the server. For same computer

IP address:- 127.0.0.1

Port:- 5000

2. Source Codes:-
The code is divided into four header pages and a c source file.
The project was done in Code::Blocks, so u need include a library file for accessing winsock header file , i.e. WS2_32.lib.

3. Report

References:-
1. MSDN help site for the winsock application in Visual C++

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms740632%28v=VS.85%29.aspx

gotoxy in Code::Blocks

2010-05-22T11:14:00.001-07:00

Solution to gotoxy in codeblocks.

1. #include <windows.h>
2. Define a global variable COORD coord = {0, 0}; // sets coordinates to 0,0
3. Make a function gotoxy()
void gotoxy (int x, int y)
{
coord.X = x; coord.Y = y; // X and Y coordinates
SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), coord);
}

You can call this gotoxy() function to put cursor at any postion.

to change cursor type i.e. blinking,

_setcursortype(_NORMALCURSOR); //for normal blinking cursor _setcursortype(_NOCURSOR); //for NO cursor put these functions accordingly where u need it

ANPR(Automatic Number Plate Recognition) Using ALR(Automatic Line Tracking Robot)

2010-04-23T23:23:00.000-07:00

It is almost known that the world is nowadays being more dependent in the computer than the human manpower. Today in the developed countries more than 90% of the job is done by automated system and this is due to the accuracy, reliability and versatile nature of the computer. In the developed western countries many big factories, nuclear plants, communication centers all of them are under the control of the computer because that’s not the place where human hand can reach up. To add the further mile for this step we have presented an automated number plate recognition using automatic line tracking robot. The
project is based on image processing technology using popular software MATLAB.
        The ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition) using ALR (Automatic line
Tracking Robot) is a system designed to help in recognition of number plates of vehicles. This system is designed for the purpose of the security and it is a security system. This system is based on the image processing system. This system helps in the functions like detection of the number plates of the vehicles, processing them and using processed data for further processes like storing, allowing vehicle to pass or to reject vehicle. This system also helps to conduct the graphic images of the vehicles which can be further stored in the database in text format reducing size of data to be stored.

INTRODUCTION
           Massive integration of information technologies into all aspects of modern life caused demand for processing vehicles as conceptual resources in information systems. Because a standalone information system without any data has no sense, there was also a need to transform information about vehicles between the reality and information systems. This can be achieved by a human agent, or by special intelligent equipment which is be able to recognize vehicles by their number plates in a real environment and reflect it into conceptual resources. Because of this, various recognition techniques have been developed
and number plate recognition systems are today used in various traffic and security applications, such as parking, access and border control, or tracking of stolen cars.
           In entrance gate, number plates are used to identify the vehicles. When a vehicle enters an input gate, number plate is automatically recognized and stored in database and black-listed number is not given permission. When a vehicle later exits the place through the gate, number plate is recognized again and paired with the first-one stored in the database and it is taken a count. Automatic number plate recognition systems can be used in access control.
For example, this technology is used in many companies to grant access only to vehicles of authorized personnel.
           In some countries, ANPR systems installed on country borders automatically detect and monitor border crossings. Each vehicle can be registered in a central database and compared to a black list of stolen vehicles. In traffic control, vehicles can be directed to different lanes for a better congestion control in busy urban communications during the rush
hours.
           Automatic Line Tracking Robot (ALR) is used in this project as a vehicle which contains circuitry for moving in a guided track. It will have mechanism to detect the opened and closed door. It also will have capacity to park in the given parking area.

Some diagrams:->

Project Design:

System Block Diagram of the Project

The project was done as final year project at Thapathali Campus, (III/II) with a team effort of 8 members:

Ashok Basnet (062-DCT-407)
Bishnu Parajuli (062-DCT-410)
Ishor Prasad Rijal (062-DCT-416)
Kabindra Kaji Bajracharya (062-DCT-419)
Kiran Karki (062-DCT-420)
Krishna Bahadur Shrestha (062-DCT-421)
Mohan Pandey (062-DCT-422)
Ram Hari Regmi (062-DCT-430)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The project “ANPR based security system using ALR" was developed as III year II part project of Diploma In Computer Engineering, Thapathali Campus. The project was designed keeping in mind the automation of the number plate detection system for security reason that could replace the current system of manual entry. This project was a success in recording the number plate of a vehicle although it has got it’s own limitation of image processing and other hardware requirements. From this project we learn about image processing and OCR(Optical Character Reader),hardware interface and automatic line tracking robot(ALR). The automatic line tracking robot was developed for the
demonstration of actual system and to have the knowledge of robots. The mechanical parts of the vehicle were designed by Robotics and Automation Club, Thapathali Campus. The basic focus of the project was in the image processing using MATLAB. The MATLAB v7.6 was used as programming tool which provides many features related to image processing. The
parallel port interfacing was done to control the door mechanism for giving entry to the vehicle. This project implements above processes to accomplish a task of “ANPR based Security System with ALR”. Practical implementation of the project range from small use such as keeping record of incoming and outgoing vehicles from the parking area to a vast implementation such as security system. The project was completed within 6 months time period.
ALGORITHMS
System Algorithm

1.Input image from webcam.
2.Convert image into binary.
3.Detect number plate area.
4.Segmentation.
5.Number identification.
6.Save to file in given format

Input Image

1.Capture image from webcam.
2.Store the captured image into a image file for further processing.

Convert Image into Binary

If image intensity = highReduce intensityElse if intensity = lowIncrease intensityElseNo change.

Detecting Number plate area

If number of ‘white’ pixels < x; pixels become ‘black’Else; no changeIf number of ‘white’ pixels > y; pixels become ‘black’Else; no changeThe value of x and y may be changed according the image intensity and plate area.

Segmentation

1.Filter the noise level present in the image.2.Clip the plate area in such a way that only numbers of plate area extracted.3.Separate each character from the plate.Number Identification

1.Create the template file from the stored template images.2.Resize image obtained from segmentation to the size of template.3.Compare each character with the templates.4.Store the best matched character. Save to file in given format

1.Open a text file in write mode.2.Store the character obtained from the number identification process to text file in given format.3.Close the file.
Download Report and source codes of the project here:-;

Online Nepal Information System

2010-02-10T04:32:00.000-08:00

The project was done as III/II part mini project. Actually mini-project was something that is based on internet and existing knowledge of the internet technologies like HTML, CSS , JavaScript, PHP ,MYSQL etc.
This project is basically an online project which can give the information about our country Nepal. The project is made dynamic with admin panel from where we can upload the district information, videos, photo of different places with relatively rich resources.
There are various section on the project as History, Tourism and gallery section where we can find various information about the Nepal.
The screenshot of the project:-

VIEW DEMO

CD Control Application Using VB 6

2009-12-30T23:49:00.000-08:00

Controlling the CD/DVD Drive of our computer using an application software is good for both the life of CD/DVD Drive and for us also.
Visual Basic cab be the most easy way to do it.

All you have to do is make a new project.
Add a form and a module and design the interface as you like for eject and close command button.
Name the command Box names as cmdclose and cmdopen for Close and Open Command button.

Private Sub cmdclose_Click()
'Close CD drive door
retvalue = mciSendString("set CDAudio door closed", returnstring, 127, 0)
End Sub

Private Sub cmdopen_Click()
'Open CD drive door
retvalue = mciSendString("set CDAudio door open", returnstring, 127, 0)
End Sub

And now for module section, just copy and paste the following code or the code can be copied from the API.

Public Declare Function mciSendString Lib "winmm.dll" Alias "mciSendStringA" (ByVal lpstrCommand As String, ByVal lpstrReturnString As String, ByVal uReturnLength As Long, ByVal hwndCallback As Long) As Long

You can download the exe file here.

Banking System Using C/C++

2009-12-13T01:55:00.000-08:00

This is a Banking system developed using C/C++. It is done by me including four three members as Thapathali Campus III/I part project.
You can try the Banking System v 1.0 by clicking the link below and feel free to comment. We can help you if you want regarding the code...

Banking System v1.0 Download

Banking System Report(pdf)
Source Code
Powerpoint file

Coding Part:-
The program was written in Turbo C++. It is done using the C as well as C++ language. The code may be too long but its easy to understand.

Some of screenshots of the program interfaces ( These may look nasty as printScreen don't wrok with the software) :-
This is the program start screenshot.

Members:-
Ashok Basnet (062-DCT-407)
Ishwor Prasad Rijal (062-DCT-416)
Kabindra Kaji Bajracharya (062-DCT-419)
Kiran Karki (062-DCT-420)

Regulated Variable DC Power Supply

2009-12-13T00:27:00.000-08:00

The project was the I/II semester project at Thapathali Campus on Electrical Subject. The project was very interesting as we all have to develop the Regulated DC power supply that is very important in everyday. This project helped us to learn enough knowledge about various components needed for the project.

You can download the project report here.

Welcome to my Programming World

2009-12-10T20:26:00.001-08:00

The world is always changing and technology is that which changes rapidly. Daily the new technologies are being introduced.
Hello I'm Ashok Basnet and I love programming. I want to share the projects I've done at College level as well as share my knowledge at different programming platforms.